How is program theory defined in evaluation?

Program theory is accurately defined as a framework that explains how a program is expected to function. This concept is integral to evaluation because it outlines the underlying assumptions, mechanisms, and pathways through which a program is designed to achieve its intended outcomes. By mapping out the connections between program activities, outputs, and desired impacts, program theory helps evaluators understand not just what a program aims to do, but also how it intends to bring about those changes.

A clear and well-articulated program theory allows for more effective evaluation by providing a basis against which the program's implementation and outcomes can be measured. It can also identify potential challenges and areas for improvement, making it a crucial component of both program design and evaluation. This focus on the functional aspects of the program sets it apart from other options, such as summaries of evaluation findings, lists of stakeholders, or budget plans, which do not capture the operational essence and intended impact of the program itself.