What does the axial skeleton consist of?

The axial skeleton consists of the central core of the body, which includes the skull, vertebral column (spine), sternum, and ribs. These structures serve critical roles in protecting the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs as well as providing support for the body.

The skull encases and protects the brain and provides the structure of the face, while the spine supports the trunk and allows for a range of motion. The ribs and sternum form the rib cage, which is crucial for protecting the heart and lungs. This arrangement is distinct from the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle, as described in the other answer options. Therefore, the selection accurately identifies the components that make up the axial skeleton.