What impact does ballistic stretching have on muscles?

Ballistic stretching involves rapid, bouncing movements to stretch muscles. While it may seem that this type of stretching is effective for elongation or quick improvements in flexibility, the impact on muscles can be counterproductive. The high intensity and abrupt movements associated with ballistic stretching can trigger the muscles to contract defensively, which can result in tightening rather than elongation. This response occurs because the nervous system detects potential danger from the rapid movements and reacts by causing the muscles to tense up to protect themselves. Therefore, while the intention might be to increase flexibility or warm up, the actual physiological response can lead to muscle tightening and potential injury, making it less effective as a warm-up method.